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The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) recognizes the importance of FEWSs to mitigate flood disaster impacts and thus has set forth Target 7 in the Sendai Framework to explicitly focus on “substantially increasing the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to people. To mitigate these disastrous flood impacts, flood early warning systems (FEWSs), among other flood risk mitigation measures, are operational in many parts of the world. During the same period, floods alone were responsible for economic losses of nearly USD 500 billion globally-about one-third of the total financial damages caused by all WRD. Of the deaths caused by all WRD from 2001 to 2018, some 93,470 were due to floods. Floods accounted for about 54% of all WRD. Asia appears to be the hardest-hit continent, with 41% of all flood disaster events, followed by Africa (23%), the Americas (21%), Europe (13%), and Oceania (3%). Since the year 2000 through to the end of 2018, a total of 5338 water-related disasters (WRD) are reported and led to over 326,000 fatalities and economic losses of more than USD 1.7 trillion globally. This chapter aims to discuss the challenges in FEWSs in brief and exposes technological advances and their benefits in flood forecasting and disaster mitigation. These technologies are an opportunity for developing countries to overcome the technical limitations that FEWSs have faced so far. Fortunately, recent advances in remote sensing, artificial intelligence (AI), information technologies, and social media are leading to significant changes in the mechanisms of FEWSs and provide the opportunity for all FEWSs to gain additional capability. There are apparent differences in sophistication between FEWSs in developed countries that have the financial capabilities, technological infrastructure, and human resources and developing countries where FEWSs tend to be less advanced.
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Operational FEWSs have varying levels of complexity, depending on available data, adopted technology, and know-how. Comprehensive FEWS consists of four components, which includes (1) risk knowledge, (2) monitoring and forecasting, (3) warning, dissemination, and communication, and (4) response capabilities. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) strongly advocates for an increase in their availability to reach the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The types of virtual airlines can range from completely fictional, to virtual airlines based on currently running, real world airlines.Flood early warning systems (FEWSs)-one of the most common flood-impact mitigation measures-are currently in operation globally. The number of virtual airlines has become quite substantial, triggering the need for a separate sub-forum on the GEFS-Online forums.
#Gefs online free ship simulator simulator
GEFS is a flight simulator used for quite a few virtual airlines, simulating real life airline operations. GEFS is exclusively built with web technologies and only requires a web browser to run. In January 2016, in light of the Google Earth plugin's termination, GEFS-Online migrated to CesiumJS, an open source 3D globe platform.
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On September 1, 2015, support for the Google Earth plugin ended, nearly resulting in the shutdown of GEFS-Online. Created by Xavier Tassin, it was launched in October 2010. Originally built on the Google Earth plug-in, GEFS makes use of aerial imagery and provides a multi-player environment for pilots to interact with each other. GEFS-Online is a free flight simulator based on the Cesium WebGL Virtual Globe.